ASAP IT Technology Blog

Smart card readers have witnessed a surge in prevalence due to the corresponding spike in smart card usage shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic began. Contactless tap-and-pay cards were introduced in the pandemic's aftermath as viable alternatives to data processing in the healthcare, BFSI, and transportation sectors. Smart card readers go by various names such as card terminals, card acceptance devices (CAD), smart card programmers, and interface devices. Smart card readers that support ISO 15693, ISO 14443, and ISO 7816-3 protocols can be categorized under contact, contactless, and interface types. They ensure secure and streamlined communication between cards and their related network services. Thus, to better understand the growing applications of smart card readers, this blog will shed light on the usage of USB connections in particular as a subcategory of smart card readers.

A smart card is available in plastic or metal, shaped similar to a driver's license, and contains an integrated chip to serve as a security token. They can be read by contact (aka the chip-and-dip method) or near-field communication methods, such as radio-frequency identification (RFID), and others. The embedded integrated chip (ICC) within smart cards can store vast amounts of data, along with other on-card processing functions such as encryption, authentication, and manipulation of stored data. In addition, smart cards are available in many tamper-resistant modules such as fobs, plastic cards, subscriber index modules (SIMs), etc.

Robert Moreno patented the first memory card in 1974, and in 1977, SGS Thomson, Bull CP8, and Schlumberger started manufacturing smart cards on a commercial scale. Today, the smart card market is worth nearly 13.9 billion USD, with 50 billion smart cards in active circulation, according to a research report by MarketsAndMarkets. The report also predicts the industry's growth to a projected estimate of16.9 billion USD at a CAGR of 4% by 2026. In light of impressive growth forecasts, the smart card industry is categorized under geography (Latin America, Europe, North America, the Middle East & Africa, and the Asia Pacific) and end-user verticals (government, IT & telecommunications, BFSI, and transportation). Due to their increasing reliance on blockchain and other newly-emerging modes of information technology, Asia Pacific countries are expected to drive the growing demand for smart cards in the next decade. Some key smart card manufacturers are expected to be CPI Card Group, HID Global Corporation, Thales Group, and IDEMIA.

In the 1990s, USB connections were an improvement over earlier modes of data transfer in computers, removing the need for additional cables and screws. In addition, USB connections simplified peripheral connections to computers. USB smart card readers fall under "interface" type readers, and they work like a scanner for transferring electronically stored data from a smart card into a computer via a USB connection. Most USB smart card readers available today are easy to install and are compatible with several computer operating systems.
 
USB smart card connections are highly secure, versatile, and economical. Some USB smart card readers use a two-way authentication pathway for high-speed data transmission through biometric data recognition. Typical applications of such smart card readers include security authentication, digital signatures, and ISO/IEC 7816 applications such as cryptographic storage of contact information. Other applications also include e-banking, e-payments, and e-government services.

The Chip Card Interface Device (CCID) protocol is a standard USB protocol that enables the connection of a smart card to a computer using a USB interface. CCID protocols remove the requirement for individual smart card manufacturers to establish their respective protocols for the USB interface. Thus, CCID-enabled USB smart cards can be used for data encryption and security authentication across a variety of USB smart card readers. CCID devices are available in various forms, such as a standard USB dongle containing an SD or SIM card or a PC USB keyboard with a slot for additional SD cards. Some popular features of CCID-USB devices include their compatibility with both RTOS and non-RTOS-based systems, as well as HCC USB host controllers and pcsc-lite API functions.
 
When a CCID is connected to its host via a USB interface, it communicates with the host using CCID-specific messages. Such messages are composed of a 10-byte header and message-specific data. Meanwhile, the host may or may not have an ICC inserted, whereas the CCID is designed to assume that the host device is possibly ICC compatible. Therefore, a "slot change" interrupt message appears on one’s display screen when the ICC fails to connect with the host.

If you are looking for a USB smart card reader for your unique needs, then ASAP IT Technology is here to assist you in your pursuit. We are a proud member of the ASAP Semiconductor family of websites, and we bolster an online database of over 2 billion products where entities can easily streamline IT electronic parts, aerospace and defense components, and more. Moreover, our dedicated customer service team and Instant RFQ service ensure that you always experience a smooth buying experience with us. Submit your RFQ today, and a market representative will respond to your quote within 15 minutes or less, 24/7x365.

When it comes to computer memory, customers are often inundated with several options, such as RAM, ROM, PROM, and others. This often sparks confusion as to which is the best for their personal application. One such source of confusion is the difference between RAM and VRAM, which are often erroneously used interchangeably. Some customers may wonder which of the two is optimal, but they are necessarily different and should be approached with nuance. In this blog, we will discuss the differences between these two modalities, while also discussing implementation for end users.
 
RAM is a necessary form of memory storage found on every computing device. An acronym for random-access memory, RAM is a functional memory store that helps the computer perform tasks quickly. RAM is much faster than a computer hard drive, so when the user begins using a program, data is loaded from the hard drive to the RAM, allowing for rapid integration. However, this storage form is temporary, and after the active portion of the task is completed, information must be restored to the device's hard drive for long-term access. Since RAM is erased when the computer is off, a sudden loss of power may cause certain files to be lost.
 
Video Random Access Memory, or VRAM, helps the CPU and display optimally render images. While most image rendering may be completed without the aid of VRAM, visually-intensive programs such as those found in gaming, modeling, and microscopy, rely upon this buffering component heavily. VRAM is homologous to RAM, but its associated device is the GPU instead of the CPU. Storing pixels and graphics data in bitmaps for rapid use, VRAM is necessary to rapidly produce robust images. While other computer components may be readily upgraded with ease, VRAM cannot be individually removed; therefore, the user must replace the GPU as a whole to increase its performance.
 
Of the several differences between RAM and VRAM, the biggest comes from the type of information that they store. While RAM is general and may be used to facilitate the processing of any type of computer program, VRAM is specialized to aid in function with the GPU. Another distinction is the ability for each memory type to be upgraded. While RAM may be directly upgraded to a maximum amount, VRAM cannot. Additionally, VRAM exists in close physical proximity to its processor to better aid in its function, whereas RAM may be more widespread and less localized.
 
As you can tell, it is hard to compare these two memory modalities because they are very different in their function. While VRAM may seem like an enticing product to upgrade along with a GPU, the day-to-day tasks performed on a computer are still more affected by the amount of RAM present. If you are working with graphically-dense applications, such as those previously listed, it is crucial to check the minimum VRAM recommendations to ensure optimal performance. If you are in the market for RAM, GPU upgrades, or any other computing elements, there is no better alternative to ASAP IT Technology.
 
As a leading distributor of IT Hardware, we carry millions of ready-to-purchase items for a multitude of architectures and applications. Whether you are searching for a new, obsolete, or hard-to-find product, our team members can help you find it and provide you with a quick competitive quote. To begin, simply fill out an Instant RFQ form as found on any product page and hit submit. After receiving your request, our account managers will immediately begin working on crafting a customized solution, and will return it within 15 minutes or less. After experiencing the ASAP difference, you will never look back.

Computers depend on hard disk drives (HDDs) to permanently store critical data. They serve as storage devices that save digital information that can be retrieved for future reference. HDDs are considered non-volatile since they retain data even when they are not connected to a power source, keeping stored information safe and intact.

Data is stored or retrieved in a random-access manner, rather than in a sequential access. This means that blocks of data can be accessed at any point without going through other data blocks. HDDs can be grouped into five types, those of which include parallel advanced technology attachments (PATAs), serial ATA (SATA) storage drives, small computer system interface (SCSI) drives, solid state drives (SSDs), and NVMe drives.
 
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachments
 
Serving as the first types of hard disk drives, they made use of the Parallel ATA interface standard to connect to computers. Often referred to as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) and Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) drives, they were first introduced by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986. At the time, they provided a common drive interface technology for connecting hard drives and other related devices to computers.
 
Their data transfer rate is up to 133MB/s, and a maximum of 2 devices can be connected to a single drive channel. As most motherboards are equipped with two channels, four EIDE devices can be connected internally. They utilize 40 or 80 wire ribbon cables to transfer numerous bits of data simultaneously in parallel. Furthermore, these drives have the ability to store data via magnetism.
 
Serial ATA Storage Drives
 
These storage devices quickly replaced PATA drives in desktop and laptop computers, with the main difference between the two being the interface. In 2000, SATA surfaced as an alternative to the earlier PATA interface. Not only do they have a reduced cable size and cost, they offer native hot swapping, faster data transfer via higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an I/O queuing protocol. Nonetheless, their method of connecting to a computer is the same.
 
Small Computer System Interface Drives
 
Similar to IDE hard drives with the exception that they utilize a Small Computer System Interface to connect to a computer, SCSI is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. These standards outline commands & protocols for electrical, optical, and logical interfaces. In addition, SCSI drives can be connected internally or externally. Keep in mind that devices connected in a SCSI must be terminated at the end. Some of the advantages of SCSI drives include their high transfer speed, reliability, as well as their wide range of salability and flexibility.
 
Solid State Drives
 
This type of hard disk drive is the latest in drive technology as it does not consist of any moving parts like its counterparts. They also do not store data using magnetism; rather, they use flash memory technology. That being said, they utilize integrated circuits or semiconductor devices to store information permanently. SSDs offer many advantages, some of which include faster data access, increased durability, and less power usage.
 
NVMe Drives
 
Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) is a storage interface that ensures data is not lost even when a computer reboots or loses power. The term “Express” refers to the fact that that data travels over the PCI Express (PCIe) interface located on a computer’s motherboard, providing a more direct connection as a result. More than that, they utilize 4 PCIe lanes, offering a max speed of 3.9 Gbps (3,940 Mbps).
 
Conclusion
 
ASAP IT Technology is a premier distributor of hard disk drives, external hard drives, and storage components, all of which can be found in our easy to navigate database. Our inventory consists of high quality HDDs from top manufacturers like Axiom Memory Solutions, Citrix Systems, HP, Nutanix, Cisco Memory, and other leading entities. Kickoff the procurement process with a competitive quote and see how ASAP IT Technology can fulfill your operational requirements.

NAND flash is a type of non-volatile storage technology that does not necessitate power to retain data. For example, a mobile phone has NAND flash, though it is often called a memory chip, whereas data files like photos, videos, and music are stored on a microSD card. In this blog, we will provide a brief overview of these small-scale devices that can store immense amounts of information, allowing you to better understand the magnitude of their capabilities. 
 
NAND flash can be found in countless applications including modern smartphones, televisions, computers, and tablets. Other uses include traffic lights, digital advertising panels, and passenger announcement systems and displays. As such, they are available in different grades, those being industrial and consumer variations. It is important to note that there are many differences between an industrial- and consumer-grade NAND, each varying in reliability, endurance, compliance, and total cost of ownership (TCO).
 
For devices equipped with NAND flash, these components offer mechanical shock resistance, increased durability, and can handle high pressures and temperatures. Unlike a hard disk drive, NAND flash does not have any moving parts, making them a suitable option for systems that vibrate and shake. Furthermore, NAND flash also offers fast read access times which is critical when processing a lot of data.
 
Data that is stored on NAND flash is represented by electrical charges that are deposited in each NAND cell. There are two cell types, those of which are Single-Level Cell (SLC) and Multi-Level Cell (MLC) NANDs. The major difference between each level is how many bits each NAND cell can store at one time. While a SLC NAND can only store 1 bit of data per cell, a 2-bit MLC NAND has the ability to store 2 bits of data per cell. 
 
There is also a 3-bit MLC NAND that stores 3 bits of data per cell, and it is often referred to as either a Triple-Level Cell (TLC) or a Quadruple-Level Cell (QLC). It is important to note that the fewer bits per cell, the smaller the capacity of the NAND. However, data can be written and retrieved faster, and the NAND chip exhibits a higher endurance level. That being said, a SLC NAND is fastest and has the highest endurance, but has lower capacities, ranging up to 64GB.

Though each cell level offers varying advantages, NAND flash has a number of limitations. First, NAND has a limited number of read/write cycles in a specific block. Once a device reaches the user, its first day of operations offers optimal performance. In fact, NAND failure is inevitable once the program erase cycle limit is reached. Another limitation of NAND flash is that individual cells fail and overall performance diminishes over time.

As wear-out is common in many electrical components, NAND flash is no exception. When the NAND fails, the device is rendered useless, resulting in the loss of data and a reduction in application functionality. The best way to ensure NAND flash is working optimally is to understand your data usage and the limitations of your specific type of NAND. Doing so can protect your data and applications. 
 
If you find yourself in need of NAND flash, flash memory devices, EEPROM, or other storage components, look no further than ASAP IT Technology. ASAP IT Technology stocks top memory storage components by leading entities like Intel, Samsung, Fujitsu Siemens, Micron Technology, Sandisk, and more. Initiate the procurement process with a competitive quote and see how ASAP IT Technology can serve as your strategic sourcing partner. For additional questions, call or email us at any time; we are available 24/7x365!

When managing and operating numerous electrical devices and systems, one will also have to deal with a plethora of cables, connectors, and other electrical components that keep them functioning. Due to the importance of cables in terms of power and signal transfer, they should be handled with care to promote an ease of maintenance, identification, and safety. Without proper cable management, cables can quickly become tangled and unplugged, and damage can occur depending on the severity of the issue. As such, one should familiarize themselves with proper cable management, and the various products that promote it.
 
One of the most simplistic ways to enhance cable management in a cabinet or installation is to utilize labeling. Labeling can be done through color coding or written tags, and such systems may be used to group related cable types, voltage levels, or more. For grouping, cable ties, lacing, rubber bands, or other such products may be used, or cables may be run through cable guides or can be affixed to walls. As some cables may be constrained in their ability to fit into a cabinet or installation, implementing labeling early can reduce the amount of stress you may later have if you need to increase the amount of cables in the assembly.
 
Many cables are sensitive to mechanical strain, that of which can cause them to break down and lose performance or functionality. To prevent such issues, cable strain relief components should be implemented for cables, wires, conduits, and hoses. Strain reliefs are often plastic or metal, and they clamp onto lines so that the amount of stress induced as a result of bends is minimized. Cable ties can also reduce mechanical stress as well, and they serve as a cost-effective solution for large bundles of cabling. When electrical lines are terminated at a socket or port, strain relief is generally a requirement so that the connector is not unplugged or ripped out by accident. Depending on the application, the required strain relief component may differ in its type and placement.
 
While a majority of cable management is executed in a cabinet or within a system, there are still many benefits to managing the cables that must go across open spaces. For instance, business offices and furniture are often designed with cable management in mind, some desks featuring holes for cables to be run through to reduce the amount of visible wiring. Additionally, dropped ceilings and raised floors also allow for cables to be efficiently routed as required in a space, all while enabling an ease of maintenance. With proper routing and organization, systems and devices can be connected as needed, all while reducing tripping hazards, disorganization, and more.
 
Once you have established the type of cables you will need to manage, the amount of bundles you have, and the space you require, it will then be time to begin procuring the various management parts you need. With cable harnesses, cable locks, cable entry systems, cable trays, cable glands, and cable grommets all serving as common options, the choice should depend on the amount of organization you desire and the types of cables present in an assembly. At ASAP IT Technology, we serve as a one-stop shop for all cable management hardware that you need, offering a plethora of products with competitive pricing and rapid lead times.
 
ASAP IT Hardware is a leading distributor of electronic components and cable management solutions, offering products from the likes of C2G, Emerson Network Power, Steren Electronics, American Power Conversion Corp, and Star Micronics. With AS9120B, ISO 9001:2015, and FAA AC 00-56B accreditation, alongside a strict NO CHINA SOURCING pledge, we stand by the quality and caliber of our offerings. If you find particular items on our website that you are interested in, first begin with a quote for your comparisons which you may receive through the submission of an RFQ form as provided on our website. Once we receive a completed form, a dedicated account manager will reach out to you in 15 minutes or less to continue the process.